fix: various fixes in background jobs (#1362)

Co-authored-by: Elias Schneider <login@eliasschneider.com>

backend/internal/job/analytics_job.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx context.Context, appConfig *service
 		appConfig:  appConfig,
 		httpClient: httpClient,
 	}
-	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "SendHeartbeat", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.sendHeartbeat, true)
+	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "SendHeartbeat", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.sendHeartbeat, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true})
 }
 
 type AnalyticsJob struct {

backend/internal/job/api_key_expiry_job.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx context.Context, apiKeyService *
 	}
 
 	// Send every day at midnight
-	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ExpiredApiKeyEmailJob", gocron.CronJob("0 0 * * *", false), jobs.checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys, false)
+	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ExpiredApiKeyEmailJob", gocron.CronJob("0 0 * * *", false), jobs.checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys, service.RegisterJobOpts{})
 }
 
 func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -42,7 +42,11 @@ func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) err
 		}
 		err = j.apiKeyService.SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx, key)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to send expiring API key notification email", slog.String("key", key.ID), slog.Any("error", err))
+			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to send expiring API key notification email",
+				slog.String("key", key.ID),
+				slog.String("user", key.User.ID),
+				slog.Any("error", err),
+			)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil

backend/internal/job/db_cleanup_job.go

@@ -7,28 +7,37 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
+	backoff "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 )
 
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterDbCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
 	jobs := &DbCleanupJobs{db: db}
 
-	// Run every 24 hours (but with some jitter so they don't run at the exact same time), and now
+	newBackOff := func() *backoff.ExponentialBackOff {
-	def := gocron.DurationRandomJob(24*time.Hour-2*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour+2*time.Minute)
+		bo := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+		bo.Multiplier = 4
+		bo.RandomizationFactor = 0.1
+		bo.InitialInterval = time.Second
+		bo.MaxInterval = 45 * time.Second
+		return bo
+	}
+
+	// Use exponential backoff for each DB cleanup job so transient query failures are retried automatically rather than causing an immediate job failure
 	return errors.Join(
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearWebauthnSessions", def, jobs.clearWebauthnSessions, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearWebauthnSessions", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearWebauthnSessions, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOneTimeAccessTokens", def, jobs.clearOneTimeAccessTokens, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOneTimeAccessTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearOneTimeAccessTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearSignupTokens", def, jobs.clearSignupTokens, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearSignupTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearSignupTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearEmailVerificationTokens", def, jobs.clearEmailVerificationTokens, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearEmailVerificationTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearEmailVerificationTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes", def, jobs.clearOidcAuthorizationCodes, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearOidcAuthorizationCodes, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOidcRefreshTokens", def, jobs.clearOidcRefreshTokens, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOidcRefreshTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearOidcRefreshTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearReauthenticationTokens", def, jobs.clearReauthenticationTokens, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearReauthenticationTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearReauthenticationTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
-		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", def, jobs.clearAuditLogs, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearAuditLogs, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
 	)
 }
 

backend/internal/job/file_cleanup_job.go

@@ -13,20 +13,26 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 )
 
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) error {
 	jobs := &FileCleanupJobs{db: db, fileStorage: fileStorage}
 
-	err := s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures, false)
+	var errs []error
+	errs = append(errs,
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures, service.RegisterJobOpts{}),
+	)
 
 	// Only necessary for file system storage
 	if fileStorage.Type() == storage.TypeFileSystem {
-		err = errors.Join(err, s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOrphanedTempFiles", gocron.DurationJob(12*time.Hour), jobs.clearOrphanedTempFiles, true))
+		errs = append(errs,
+			s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOrphanedTempFiles", gocron.DurationJob(12*time.Hour), jobs.clearOrphanedTempFiles, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true}),
+		)
 	}
 
-	return err
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 type FileCleanupJobs struct {
@@ -68,7 +74,8 @@ func (j *FileCleanupJobs) clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures(ctx context.Context)
 		// If these initials aren't used by any user, delete the file
 		if _, ok := initialsInUse[initials]; !ok {
 			filePath := path.Join(defaultPicturesDir, filename)
-			if err := j.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, filePath); err != nil {
+			err = j.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, filePath)
+			if err != nil {
 				slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to delete unused default profile picture", slog.String("path", filePath), slog.Any("error", err))
 			} else {
 				filesDeleted++
@@ -95,8 +102,9 @@ func (j *FileCleanupJobs) clearOrphanedTempFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		if err := j.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, p.Path); err != nil {
+		rErr := j.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, p.Path)
-			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to delete temp file", slog.String("path", p.Path), slog.Any("error", err))
+		if rErr != nil {
+			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to delete temp file", slog.String("path", p.Path), slog.Any("error", rErr))
 			return nil
 		}
 		deleted++

backend/internal/job/geoloite_update_job.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterGeoLiteUpdateJobs(ctx context.Context, geoLiteServic
 	jobs := &GeoLiteUpdateJobs{geoLiteService: geoLiteService}
 
 	// Run every 24 hours (and right away)
-	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "UpdateGeoLiteDB", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.updateGoeLiteDB, true)
+	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "UpdateGeoLiteDB", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.updateGoeLiteDB, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true})
 }
 
 func (j *GeoLiteUpdateJobs) updateGoeLiteDB(ctx context.Context) error {

backend/internal/job/ldap_job.go

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
-
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 )
 
@@ -17,8 +15,8 @@ type LdapJobs struct {
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterLdapJobs(ctx context.Context, ldapService *service.LdapService, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) error {
 	jobs := &LdapJobs{ldapService: ldapService, appConfigService: appConfigService}
 
-	// Register the job to run every hour
+	// Register the job to run every hour (with some jitter)
-	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "SyncLdap", gocron.DurationJob(time.Hour), jobs.syncLdap, true)
+	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "SyncLdap", jobDefWithJitter(time.Hour), jobs.syncLdap, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true})
 }
 
 func (j *LdapJobs) syncLdap(ctx context.Context) error {

backend/internal/job/scheduler.go

@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
+	"time"
 
+	backoff "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
 	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 )
 
 type Scheduler struct {
@@ -33,16 +37,12 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RemoveJob(name string) error {
 		if job.Name() == name {
 			err := s.scheduler.RemoveJob(job.ID())
 			if err != nil {
-				errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to unqueue job %q with ID %q: %w", name, job.ID().String(), err))
+				errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to dequeue job %q with ID %q: %w", name, job.ID().String(), err))
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if len(errs) > 0 {
 	return errors.Join(errs...)
-	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 // Run the scheduler.
@@ -64,7 +64,29 @@ func (s *Scheduler) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Scheduler) RegisterJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.JobDefinition, job func(ctx context.Context) error, runImmediately bool, extraOptions ...gocron.JobOption) error {
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.JobDefinition, jobFn func(ctx context.Context) error, opts service.RegisterJobOpts) error {
+	// If a BackOff strategy is provided, wrap the job with retry logic
+	if opts.BackOff != nil {
+		origJob := jobFn
+		jobFn = func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			_, err := backoff.Retry(
+				ctx,
+				func() (struct{}, error) {
+					return struct{}{}, origJob(ctx)
+				},
+				backoff.WithBackOff(opts.BackOff),
+				backoff.WithNotify(func(err error, d time.Duration) {
+					slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Job failed, retrying",
+						slog.String("name", name),
+						slog.Any("error", err),
+						slog.Duration("retryIn", d),
+					)
+				}),
+			)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
 	jobOptions := []gocron.JobOption{
 		gocron.WithContext(ctx),
 		gocron.WithName(name),
@@ -91,13 +113,13 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.Job
 		),
 	}
 
-	if runImmediately {
+	if opts.RunImmediately {
 		jobOptions = append(jobOptions, gocron.JobOption(gocron.WithStartImmediately()))
 	}
 
-	jobOptions = append(jobOptions, extraOptions...)
+	jobOptions = append(jobOptions, opts.ExtraOptions...)
 
-	_, err := s.scheduler.NewJob(def, gocron.NewTask(job), jobOptions...)
+	_, err := s.scheduler.NewJob(def, gocron.NewTask(jobFn), jobOptions...)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register job %q: %w", name, err)
@@ -105,3 +127,9 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.Job
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func jobDefWithJitter(interval time.Duration) gocron.JobDefinition {
+	const jitter = 5 * time.Minute
+
+	return gocron.DurationRandomJob(interval-jitter, interval+jitter)
+}

backend/internal/job/scim_job.go

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ type ScimJobs struct {
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterScimJobs(ctx context.Context, scimService *service.ScimService) error {
 	jobs := &ScimJobs{scimService: scimService}
 
-	// Register the job to run every hour
+	// Register the job to run every hour (with some jitter)
-	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "SyncScim", gocron.DurationJob(time.Hour), jobs.SyncScim, true)
+	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "SyncScim", gocron.DurationJob(time.Hour), jobs.SyncScim, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true})
 }
 
 func (j *ScimJobs) SyncScim(ctx context.Context) error {

backend/internal/service/api_key_service.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package service
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
@@ -205,36 +206,33 @@ func (s *ApiKeyService) ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context, daysAhead int)
 }
 
 func (s *ApiKeyService) SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx context.Context, apiKey model.ApiKey) error {
-	user := apiKey.User
+	if apiKey.User.Email == nil {
-
-	if user.ID == "" {
-		if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).First(&user, "id = ?", apiKey.UserID).Error; err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if user.Email == nil {
 		return &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
 	}
 
 	err := SendEmail(ctx, s.emailService, email.Address{
-		Name:  user.FullName(),
+		Name:  apiKey.User.FullName(),
-		Email: *user.Email,
+		Email: *apiKey.User.Email,
 	}, ApiKeyExpiringSoonTemplate, &ApiKeyExpiringSoonTemplateData{
 		ApiKeyName: apiKey.Name,
 		ExpiresAt:  apiKey.ExpiresAt.ToTime(),
-		Name:       user.FirstName,
+		Name:       apiKey.User.FirstName,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("error sending notification email: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Mark the API key as having had an expiration email sent
-	return s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&model.ApiKey{}).
 		Where("id = ?", apiKey.ID).
 		Update("expiration_email_sent", true).
 		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error recording expiration sent email in database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *ApiKeyService) initStaticApiKeyUser(ctx context.Context) (user model.User, err error) {

backend/internal/service/app_lock_service.go

@@ -73,7 +73,10 @@ func (lv *lockValue) Unmarshal(raw string) error {
 // Acquire obtains the lock. When force is true, the lock is stolen from any existing owner.
 // If the lock is forcefully acquired, it blocks until the previous lock has expired.
 func (s *AppLockService) Acquire(ctx context.Context, force bool) (waitUntil time.Time, err error) {
-	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	tx := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Begin()
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("begin lock transaction: %w", tx.Error)
+	}
 	defer func() {
 		tx.Rollback()
 	}()
@@ -174,7 +177,8 @@ func (s *AppLockService) RunRenewal(ctx context.Context) error {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		case <-ticker.C:
-			if err := s.renew(ctx); err != nil {
+			err := s.renew(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("renew lock: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -183,33 +187,43 @@ func (s *AppLockService) RunRenewal(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // Release releases the lock if it is held by this process.
 func (s *AppLockService) Release(ctx context.Context) error {
-	opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
+	db, err := s.db.DB()
-	defer cancel()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get DB connection: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	var query string
 	switch s.db.Name() {
 	case "sqlite":
 		query = `
-		DELETE FROM kv
+DELETE FROM kv
-		WHERE key = ?
+WHERE key = ?
   AND json_extract(value, '$.lock_id') = ?
-	`
+`
 	case "postgres":
 		query = `
-		DELETE FROM kv
+DELETE FROM kv
-		WHERE key = $1
+WHERE key = $1
   AND value::json->>'lock_id' = $2
-	`
+`
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", s.db.Name())
 	}
 
-	res := s.db.WithContext(opCtx).Exec(query, lockKey, s.lockID)
+	opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
-	if res.Error != nil {
+	defer cancel()
-		return fmt.Errorf("release lock failed: %w", res.Error)
+
+	res, err := db.ExecContext(opCtx, query, lockKey, s.lockID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("release lock failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if res.RowsAffected == 0 {
+	count, err := res.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to count affected rows: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if count == 0 {
 		slog.Warn("Application lock not held by this process, cannot release",
 			slog.Int64("process_id", s.processID),
 			slog.String("host_id", s.hostID),
@@ -225,6 +239,11 @@ func (s *AppLockService) Release(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // renew tries to renew the lock, retrying up to renewRetries times (sleeping 1s between attempts).
 func (s *AppLockService) renew(ctx context.Context) error {
+	db, err := s.db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get DB connection: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 1; attempt <= renewRetries; attempt++ {
 		now := time.Now()
@@ -246,42 +265,56 @@ func (s *AppLockService) renew(ctx context.Context) error {
 		switch s.db.Name() {
 		case "sqlite":
 			query = `
-				UPDATE kv
+UPDATE kv
-				SET value = ?
+SET value = ?
-				WHERE key = ?
+WHERE key = ?
   AND json_extract(value, '$.lock_id') = ?
   AND json_extract(value, '$.expires_at') > ?
-			`
+`
 		case "postgres":
 			query = `
-				UPDATE kv
+UPDATE kv
-				SET value = $1
+SET value = $1
-				WHERE key = $2
+WHERE key = $2
   AND value::json->>'lock_id' = $3
   AND ((value::json->>'expires_at')::bigint > $4)
-			`
+`
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", s.db.Name())
 		}
 
 		opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
-		res := s.db.WithContext(opCtx).Exec(query, raw, lockKey, s.lockID, nowUnix)
+		res, err := db.ExecContext(opCtx, query, raw, lockKey, s.lockID, nowUnix)
 		cancel()
 
-		switch {
+		// Query succeeded, but may have updated 0 rows
-		case res.Error != nil:
+		if err == nil {
-			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("lock renewal failed: %w", res.Error)
+			count, err := res.RowsAffected()
-		case res.RowsAffected == 0:
+			if err != nil {
-			// Must be after checking res.Error
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to count affected rows: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			// If no rows were updated, we lost the lock
+			if count == 0 {
 				return ErrLockLost
-		default:
+			}
+
+			// All good
 			slog.Debug("Renewed application lock",
 				slog.Int64("process_id", s.processID),
 				slog.String("host_id", s.hostID),
+				slog.Duration("duration", time.Since(now)),
 			)
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		// If we're here, we have an error that can be retried
+		slog.Debug("Application lock renewal attempt failed",
+			slog.Any("error", err),
+			slog.Duration("duration", time.Since(now)),
+		)
+		lastErr = fmt.Errorf("lock renewal failed: %w", err)
+
 		// Wait before next attempt or cancel if context is done
 		if attempt < renewRetries {
 			select {

backend/internal/service/app_lock_service_test.go

@@ -49,6 +49,23 @@ func readLockValue(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB) lockValue {
 	return value
 }
 
+func lockDatabaseForWrite(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tx := db.Begin()
+	require.NoError(t, tx.Error)
+
+	// Keep a write transaction open to block other queries.
+	err := tx.Exec(
+		`INSERT INTO kv (key, value) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO NOTHING`,
+		lockKey,
+		`{"expires_at":0}`,
+	).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return tx
+}
+
 func TestAppLockServiceAcquire(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("creates new lock when none exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
@@ -99,6 +116,66 @@ func TestAppLockServiceAcquire(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, service.hostID, stored.HostID)
 		require.Greater(t, stored.ExpiresAt, time.Now().Unix())
 	})
+
+	t.Run("force acquisition returns wait duration when stealing active lock", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
+
+		existing := lockValue{
+			ProcessID: 99,
+			HostID:    "other-host",
+			LockID:    "other-lock-id",
+			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl).Unix(),
+		}
+		insertLock(t, db, existing)
+
+		waitUntil, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.WithinDuration(t, time.Unix(existing.ExpiresAt, 0), waitUntil, time.Second)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("force acquisition does not wait when lock id is unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
+
+		insertLock(t, db, lockValue{
+			ProcessID: 99,
+			HostID:    "other-host",
+			LockID:    service.lockID,
+			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl).Unix(),
+		})
+
+		waitUntil, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, waitUntil.IsZero())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns error when existing lock value is invalid JSON", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
+
+		raw := "this-is-not-json"
+		err := db.Create(&model.KV{Key: lockKey, Value: &raw}).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "decode existing lock value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns context deadline exceeded when database is locked", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
+
+		tx := lockDatabaseForWrite(t, db)
+		defer tx.Rollback()
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 150*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		_, err := service.Acquire(ctx, false)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "begin lock transaction")
+	})
 }
 
 func TestAppLockServiceRelease(t *testing.T) {
@@ -134,6 +211,24 @@ func TestAppLockServiceRelease(t *testing.T) {
 		stored := readLockValue(t, db)
 		require.Equal(t, existing, stored)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("returns context deadline exceeded when database is locked", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
+
+		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		tx := lockDatabaseForWrite(t, db)
+		defer tx.Rollback()
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 150*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		err = service.Release(ctx)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "release lock failed")
+	})
 }
 
 func TestAppLockServiceRenew(t *testing.T) {
@@ -186,4 +281,21 @@ func TestAppLockServiceRenew(t *testing.T) {
 		err = service.renew(context.Background())
 		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrLockLost)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("returns context deadline exceeded when database is locked", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
+
+		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		tx := lockDatabaseForWrite(t, db)
+		defer tx.Rollback()
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 150*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		err = service.renew(ctx)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	})
 }

backend/internal/service/email_service.go

@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ func SendEmail[V any](ctx context.Context, srv *EmailService, toEmail email.Addr
 	}
 
 	// Send the email
-	if err := srv.sendEmailContent(client, toEmail, c); err != nil {
+	err = srv.sendEmailContent(client, toEmail, c)
+	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("send email content: %w", err)
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/scheduler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	backoff "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
+)
+
+// RegisterJobOpts holds optional configuration for registering a scheduled job.
+type RegisterJobOpts struct {
+	// RunImmediately runs the job immediately after registration.
+	RunImmediately bool
+	// ExtraOptions are additional gocron job options.
+	ExtraOptions []gocron.JobOption
+	// BackOff is an optional backoff strategy. If non-nil, the job will be wrapped
+	// with automatic retry logic using the provided backoff on transient failures.
+	BackOff backoff.BackOff
+}
+
+// Scheduler is an interface for registering and managing background jobs.
+type Scheduler interface {
+	RegisterJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.JobDefinition, job func(ctx context.Context) error, opts RegisterJobOpts) error
+	RemoveJob(name string) error
+}

backend/internal/service/scim_service.go

@@ -34,11 +34,6 @@ const scimErrorBodyLimit = 4096
 
 type scimSyncAction int
 
-type Scheduler interface {
-	RegisterJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.JobDefinition, job func(ctx context.Context) error, runImmediately bool, extraOptions ...gocron.JobOption) error
-	RemoveJob(name string) error
-}
-
 const (
 	scimActionNone scimSyncAction = iota
 	scimActionCreated
@@ -149,7 +144,7 @@ func (s *ScimService) ScheduleSync() {
 
 	err := s.scheduler.RegisterJob(
 		context.Background(), jobName,
-		gocron.OneTimeJob(gocron.OneTimeJobStartDateTime(start)), s.SyncAll, false)
+		gocron.OneTimeJob(gocron.OneTimeJobStartDateTime(start)), s.SyncAll, RegisterJobOpts{})
 
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Error("Failed to schedule SCIM sync", slog.Any("error", err))
@@ -168,7 +163,8 @@ func (s *ScimService) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 			errs = append(errs, ctx.Err())
 			break
 		}
-		if err := s.SyncServiceProvider(ctx, provider.ID); err != nil {
+		err = s.SyncServiceProvider(ctx, provider.ID)
+		if err != nil {
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to sync SCIM provider %s: %w", provider.ID, err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -210,26 +206,20 @@ func (s *ScimService) SyncServiceProvider(ctx context.Context, serviceProviderID
 	}
 
 	var errs []error
-	var userStats scimSyncStats
-	var groupStats scimSyncStats
 
 	// Sync users first, so that groups can reference them
-	if stats, err := s.syncUsers(ctx, provider, users, &userResources); err != nil {
+	userStats, err := s.syncUsers(ctx, provider, users, &userResources)
-		errs = append(errs, err)
+	if err != nil {
-		userStats = stats
+		errs = append(errs, err)
-	} else {
+	}
-		userStats = stats
+
-	}
+	groupStats, err := s.syncGroups(ctx, provider, groups, groupResources.Resources, userResources.Resources)
-
-	stats, err := s.syncGroups(ctx, provider, groups, groupResources.Resources, userResources.Resources)
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = append(errs, err)
-		groupStats = stats
-	} else {
-		groupStats = stats
 	}
 
 	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		err = errors.Join(errs...)
 		slog.WarnContext(ctx, "SCIM sync completed with errors",
 			slog.String("provider_id", provider.ID),
 			slog.Int("error_count", len(errs)),
@@ -240,12 +230,14 @@ func (s *ScimService) SyncServiceProvider(ctx context.Context, serviceProviderID
 			slog.Int("groups_updated", groupStats.Updated),
 			slog.Int("groups_deleted", groupStats.Deleted),
 			slog.Duration("duration", time.Since(start)),
+			slog.Any("error", err),
 		)
-		return errors.Join(errs...)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	provider.LastSyncedAt = new(datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
-	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Save(&provider).Error; err != nil {
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).Save(&provider).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -273,7 +265,7 @@ func (s *ScimService) syncUsers(
 
 	// Update or create users
 	for _, u := range users {
-		existing := getResourceByExternalID[dto.ScimUser](u.ID, resourceList.Resources)
+		existing := getResourceByExternalID(u.ID, resourceList.Resources)
 
 		action, created, err := s.syncUser(ctx, provider, u, existing)
 		if created != nil && existing == nil {
@@ -434,7 +426,7 @@ func (s *ScimService) syncGroup(
 	// Prepare group members
 	members := make([]dto.ScimGroupMember, len(group.Users))
 	for i, user := range group.Users {
-		userResource := getResourceByExternalID[dto.ScimUser](user.ID, userResources)
+		userResource := getResourceByExternalID(user.ID, userResources)
 		if userResource == nil {
 			// Groups depend on user IDs already being provisioned
 			return scimActionNone, fmt.Errorf("cannot sync group %s: user %s is not provisioned in SCIM provider", group.ID, user.ID)

backend/resources/email-templates/api-key-expiring-soon_html.tmpl

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{{define "root"}}<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head><link rel="preload" as="image" href="{{.LogoURL}}"/><meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><meta name="x-apple-disable-message-reformatting"/></head><body style="background-color:#FBFBFB"><!--$--><!--html--><!--head--><!--body--><table border="0" width="100%" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:50px;background-color:#FBFBFB;font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><table align="center" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation" style="max-width:37.5em;width:500px;margin:0 auto"><tbody><tr style="width:100%"><td><table align="center" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td><table align="left" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation" style="margin-bottom:16px"><tbody style="width:100%"><tr style="width:100%"><td data-id="__react-email-column" style="width:50px"><img alt="{{.AppName}}" height="32" src="{{.LogoURL}}" style="display:block;outline:none;border:none;text-decoration:none;width:32px;height:32px;vertical-align:middle" width="32"/></td><td data-id="__react-email-column"><p style="font-size:23px;line-height:24px;font-weight:bold;margin:0;padding:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0">{{.AppName}}</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="background-color:white;padding:24px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)"><table align="center" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation"><tbody style="width:100%"><tr style="width:100%"><td data-id="__react-email-column"><h1 style="font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;margin:0">API Key Expiring Soon</h1></td><td align="right" data-id="__react-email-column"><p style="font-size:12px;line-height:24px;background-color:#ffd966;color:#7f6000;padding:1px 12px;border-radius:50px;display:inline-block;margin:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0">Warning</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-size:14px;line-height:24px;margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:16px">Hello <!-- -->{{.Data.Name}}<!-- -->, <br/>This is a reminder that your API key <strong>{{.Data.APIKeyName}}</strong> <!-- -->will expire on <strong>{{.Data.ExpiresAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"}}</strong>.</p><p style="font-size:14px;line-height:24px;margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:16px">Please generate a new API key if you need continued access.</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><!--/$--></body></html>{{end}}
+{{define "root"}}<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head><link rel="preload" as="image" href="{{.LogoURL}}"/><meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><meta name="x-apple-disable-message-reformatting"/></head><body style="background-color:#FBFBFB"><!--$--><!--html--><!--head--><!--body--><table border="0" width="100%" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:50px;background-color:#FBFBFB;font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><table align="center" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation" style="max-width:37.5em;width:500px;margin:0 auto"><tbody><tr style="width:100%"><td><table align="center" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td><table align="left" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation" style="margin-bottom:16px"><tbody style="width:100%"><tr style="width:100%"><td data-id="__react-email-column" style="width:50px"><img alt="{{.AppName}}" height="32" src="{{.LogoURL}}" style="display:block;outline:none;border:none;text-decoration:none;width:32px;height:32px;vertical-align:middle" width="32"/></td><td data-id="__react-email-column"><p style="font-size:23px;line-height:24px;font-weight:bold;margin:0;padding:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0">{{.AppName}}</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="background-color:white;padding:24px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)"><table align="center" width="100%" border="0" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0" role="presentation"><tbody style="width:100%"><tr style="width:100%"><td data-id="__react-email-column"><h1 style="font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;margin:0">API Key Expiring Soon</h1></td><td align="right" data-id="__react-email-column"><p style="font-size:12px;line-height:24px;background-color:#ffd966;color:#7f6000;padding:1px 12px;border-radius:50px;display:inline-block;margin:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0">Warning</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-size:14px;line-height:24px;margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:16px">Hello <!-- -->{{.Data.Name}}<!-- -->, <br/>This is a reminder that your API key <strong>{{.Data.ApiKeyName}}</strong> <!-- -->will expire on <strong>{{.Data.ExpiresAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"}}</strong>.</p><p style="font-size:14px;line-height:24px;margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:16px">Please generate a new API key if you need continued access.</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><!--/$--></body></html>{{end}}

backend/resources/email-templates/api-key-expiring-soon_text.tmpl

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ API KEY EXPIRING SOON
 Warning
 
 Hello {{.Data.Name}},
-This is a reminder that your API key {{.Data.APIKeyName}} will expire on {{.Data.ExpiresAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"}}.
+This is a reminder that your API key {{.Data.ApiKeyName}} will expire on {{.Data.ExpiresAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"}}.
 
 Please generate a new API key if you need continued access.{{end}}

backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20260304090200_indexes.down.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-- No-op

backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20260304090200_indexes.up.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_webauthn_sessions_expires_at ON webauthn_sessions (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_one_time_access_tokens_expires_at ON one_time_access_tokens (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_oidc_authorization_codes_expires_at ON oidc_authorization_codes (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_oidc_refresh_tokens_expires_at ON oidc_refresh_tokens (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_reauthentication_tokens_expires_at ON reauthentication_tokens (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_email_verification_tokens_expires_at ON email_verification_tokens (expires_at);

backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20260304090200_indexes.down.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-- No-op

backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20260304090200_indexes.up.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys= OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_webauthn_sessions_expires_at ON webauthn_sessions (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_one_time_access_tokens_expires_at ON one_time_access_tokens (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_oidc_authorization_codes_expires_at ON oidc_authorization_codes (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_oidc_refresh_tokens_expires_at ON oidc_refresh_tokens (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_reauthentication_tokens_expires_at ON reauthentication_tokens (expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_email_verification_tokens_expires_at ON email_verification_tokens (expires_at);
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;

email-templates/emails/api-key-expiring-soon.tsx

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ ApiKeyExpiringEmail.TemplateProps = {
   ...sharedTemplateProps,
   data: {
     name: "{{.Data.Name}}",
-    apiKeyName: "{{.Data.APIKeyName}}",
+    apiKeyName: "{{.Data.ApiKeyName}}",
     expiresAt: '{{.Data.ExpiresAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"}}',
   },
 };