diff --git a/SECURITY_AUDIT.md b/SECURITY_AUDIT.md
index ebec8fc..52551e5 100644
--- a/SECURITY_AUDIT.md
+++ b/SECURITY_AUDIT.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 <div align="center">
 
-**Status:** PASSED | **Risk Level:** LOW | **Version:** 1.22.1 (2026-01-17)
+**Status:** PASSED | **Risk Level:** LOW | **Version:** 1.23.2 (2026-01-26)
 
 </div>
 
@@ -12,24 +12,31 @@
 
 | Attribute | Details |
 |-----------|---------|
-| Audit Date | January 17, 2026 |
+| Audit Date | January 26, 2026 |
 | Audit Conclusion | **PASSED** |
-| Mole Version | V1.22.0 |
+| Mole Version | V1.23.2 |
 | Audited Branch | `main` (HEAD) |
 | Scope | Shell scripts, Go binaries, Configuration |
 | Methodology | Static analysis, Threat modeling, Code review |
 | Review Cycle | Every 6 months or after major feature additions |
-| Next Review | June 2026 |
+| Next Review | July 2026 |
 
 **Key Findings:**
 
 - Multi-layer validation effectively blocks risky system modifications.
 - Conservative cleaning logic ensures safety (e.g., 60-day dormancy rule).
 - Comprehensive protection for VPNs, AI tools, and core system components.
+- Operations logging improves traceability while remaining optional (MO_NO_OPLOG=1).
 - Atomic operations prevent state corruption during crashes.
 - Dry-run and whitelist features give users full control.
 - Installer cleanup scans safely and requires user confirmation.
 
+**Recent Remediations:**
+
+- Symlink cleanup in `bin/clean.sh` now routes through `safe_remove` for target validation.
+- Orphaned helper cleanup in `lib/clean/apps.sh` now uses `safe_sudo_remove`.
+- ByHost preference cleanup in `lib/uninstall/batch.sh` validates bundle IDs and deletes via `safe_remove`.
+
 ---
 
 ## Security Philosophy
diff --git a/bin/clean.sh b/bin/clean.sh
index b8858d4..8f700c1 100755
--- a/bin/clean.sh
+++ b/bin/clean.sh
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ if [[ -f "$HOME/.config/mole/whitelist" ]]; then
         fi
 
         case "$line" in
-        / | /System | /System/* | /bin | /bin/* | /sbin | /sbin/* | /usr/bin | /usr/bin/* | /usr/sbin | /usr/sbin/* | /etc | /etc/* | /var/db | /var/db/*)
-            WHITELIST_WARNINGS+=("Protected system path: $line")
-            continue
-            ;;
+            / | /System | /System/* | /bin | /bin/* | /sbin | /sbin/* | /usr/bin | /usr/bin/* | /usr/sbin | /usr/sbin/* | /etc | /etc/* | /var/db | /var/db/*)
+                WHITELIST_WARNINGS+=("Protected system path: $line")
+                continue
+                ;;
         esac
 
         duplicate="false"
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ if [[ -f "$HOME/.config/mole/whitelist" ]]; then
         fi
         [[ "$duplicate" == "true" ]] && continue
         WHITELIST_PATTERNS+=("$line")
-    done <"$HOME/.config/mole/whitelist"
+    done < "$HOME/.config/mole/whitelist"
 else
     WHITELIST_PATTERNS=("${DEFAULT_WHITELIST_PATTERNS[@]}")
 fi
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ cleanup() {
     fi
     CLEANUP_DONE=true
 
-    stop_inline_spinner 2>/dev/null || true
+    stop_inline_spinner 2> /dev/null || true
 
     if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
         printf "\r\033[K" >&2 || true
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ start_section() {
 
     if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == "true" ]]; then
         ensure_user_file "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
-        echo "" >>"$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
-        echo "=== $1 ===" >>"$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
+        echo "" >> "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
+        echo "=== $1 ===" >> "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
     fi
 }
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ normalize_paths_for_cleanup() {
             done
         fi
         [[ "$is_child" == "true" ]] || result_paths+=("$path")
-    done <<<"$sorted_paths"
+    done <<< "$sorted_paths"
 
     if [[ ${#result_paths[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
         printf '%s\n' "${result_paths[@]}"
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ get_cleanup_path_size_kb() {
     local path="$1"
 
     if [[ -f "$path" && ! -L "$path" ]]; then
-        if command -v stat >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        if command -v stat > /dev/null 2>&1; then
             local bytes
-            bytes=$(stat -f%z "$path" 2>/dev/null || echo "0")
+            bytes=$(stat -f%z "$path" 2> /dev/null || echo "0")
             if [[ "$bytes" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$bytes" -gt 0 ]]; then
                 echo $(((bytes + 1023) / 1024))
                 return 0
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ get_cleanup_path_size_kb() {
     fi
 
     if [[ -L "$path" ]]; then
-        if command -v stat >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        if command -v stat > /dev/null 2>&1; then
             local bytes
-            bytes=$(stat -f%z "$path" 2>/dev/null || echo "0")
+            bytes=$(stat -f%z "$path" 2> /dev/null || echo "0")
             if [[ "$bytes" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$bytes" -gt 0 ]]; then
                 echo $(((bytes + 1023) / 1024))
             else
@@ -465,9 +465,9 @@ safe_clean() {
                 [[ ! "$size" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && size=0
 
                 if [[ "$size" -gt 0 ]]; then
-                    echo "$size 1" >"$temp_dir/result_${idx}"
+                    echo "$size 1" > "$temp_dir/result_${idx}"
                 else
-                    echo "0 0" >"$temp_dir/result_${idx}"
+                    echo "0 0" > "$temp_dir/result_${idx}"
                 fi
 
                 ((idx++))
@@ -492,17 +492,17 @@ safe_clean() {
                         [[ ! "$size" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && size=0
                         local tmp_file="$temp_dir/result_${idx}.$$"
                         if [[ "$size" -gt 0 ]]; then
-                            echo "$size 1" >"$tmp_file"
+                            echo "$size 1" > "$tmp_file"
                         else
-                            echo "0 0" >"$tmp_file"
+                            echo "0 0" > "$tmp_file"
                         fi
-                        mv "$tmp_file" "$temp_dir/result_${idx}" 2>/dev/null || true
+                        mv "$tmp_file" "$temp_dir/result_${idx}" 2> /dev/null || true
                     ) &
                     pids+=($!)
                     ((idx++))
 
                     if ((${#pids[@]} >= MOLE_MAX_PARALLEL_JOBS)); then
-                        wait "${pids[0]}" 2>/dev/null || true
+                        wait "${pids[0]}" 2> /dev/null || true
                         pids=("${pids[@]:1}")
                         ((completed++))
 
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ safe_clean() {
 
             if [[ ${#pids[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
                 for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
-                    wait "$pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+                    wait "$pid" 2> /dev/null || true
                     ((completed++))
 
                     if [[ "$show_spinner" == "true" && -t 1 ]]; then
@@ -536,15 +536,11 @@ safe_clean() {
             for path in "${existing_paths[@]}"; do
                 local result_file="$temp_dir/result_${idx}"
                 if [[ -f "$result_file" ]]; then
-                    read -r size count <"$result_file" 2>/dev/null || true
+                    read -r size count < "$result_file" 2> /dev/null || true
                     local removed=0
                     if [[ "$DRY_RUN" != "true" ]]; then
-                        if [[ -L "$path" ]]; then
-                            rm "$path" 2>/dev/null && removed=1
-                        else
-                            if safe_remove "$path" true; then
-                                removed=1
-                            fi
+                        if safe_remove "$path" true; then
+                            removed=1
                         fi
                     else
                         removed=1
@@ -581,12 +577,8 @@ safe_clean() {
 
                 local removed=0
                 if [[ "$DRY_RUN" != "true" ]]; then
-                    if [[ -L "$path" ]]; then
-                        rm "$path" 2>/dev/null && removed=1
-                    else
-                        if safe_remove "$path" true; then
-                            removed=1
-                        fi
+                    if safe_remove "$path" true; then
+                        removed=1
                     fi
                 else
                     removed=1
@@ -643,9 +635,9 @@ safe_clean() {
                     local size=0
 
                     if [[ -n "${temp_dir:-}" && -f "$temp_dir/result_${idx}" ]]; then
-                        read -r size count <"$temp_dir/result_${idx}" 2>/dev/null || true
+                        read -r size count < "$temp_dir/result_${idx}" 2> /dev/null || true
                     else
-                        size=$(get_cleanup_path_size_kb "$path" 2>/dev/null || echo "0")
+                        size=$(get_cleanup_path_size_kb "$path" 2> /dev/null || echo "0")
                     fi
 
                     [[ "$size" == "0" || -z "$size" ]] && {
@@ -653,7 +645,7 @@ safe_clean() {
                         continue
                     }
 
-                    echo "$(dirname "$path")|$size|$path" >>"$paths_temp"
+                    echo "$(dirname "$path")|$size|$path" >> "$paths_temp"
                     ((idx++))
                 done
             fi
@@ -684,9 +676,9 @@ safe_clean() {
                 ' | while IFS='|' read -r display_path total_size child_count; do
                     local size_human=$(bytes_to_human "$((total_size * 1024))")
                     if [[ $child_count -gt 1 ]]; then
-                        echo "$display_path  # $size_human, $child_count items" >>"$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
+                        echo "$display_path  # $size_human, $child_count items" >> "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
                     else
-                        echo "$display_path  # $size_human" >>"$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
+                        echo "$display_path  # $size_human" >> "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
                     fi
                 done
 
@@ -726,7 +718,7 @@ start_cleanup() {
         SYSTEM_CLEAN=false
 
         ensure_user_file "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
-        cat >"$EXPORT_LIST_FILE" <<EOF
+        cat > "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE" << EOF
 # Mole Cleanup Preview - $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
 #
 # How to protect files:
@@ -742,7 +734,7 @@ EOF
     fi
 
     if [[ -t 0 ]]; then
-        if sudo -n true 2>/dev/null; then
+        if sudo -n true 2> /dev/null; then
             SYSTEM_CLEAN=true
             echo -e "${GREEN}${ICON_SUCCESS}${NC} Admin access already available"
             echo ""
@@ -782,7 +774,7 @@ EOF
     else
         echo ""
         echo "Running in non-interactive mode"
-        if sudo -n true 2>/dev/null; then
+        if sudo -n true 2> /dev/null; then
             SYSTEM_CLEAN=true
             echo "  ${ICON_LIST} System-level cleanup enabled, sudo session active"
         else
@@ -1033,7 +1025,7 @@ perform_cleanup() {
                 echo "# Potential cleanup: ${freed_gb}GB"
                 echo "# Items: $files_cleaned"
                 echo "# Categories: $total_items"
-            } >>"$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
+            } >> "$EXPORT_LIST_FILE"
 
             summary_details+=("Detailed file list: ${GRAY}$EXPORT_LIST_FILE${NC}")
             summary_details+=("Use ${GRAY}mo clean --whitelist${NC} to add protection rules")
@@ -1085,18 +1077,18 @@ perform_cleanup() {
 main() {
     for arg in "$@"; do
         case "$arg" in
-        "--debug")
-            export MO_DEBUG=1
-            ;;
-        "--dry-run" | "-n")
-            DRY_RUN=true
-            export MOLE_DRY_RUN=1
-            ;;
-        "--whitelist")
-            source "$SCRIPT_DIR/../lib/manage/whitelist.sh"
-            manage_whitelist "clean"
-            exit 0
-            ;;
+            "--debug")
+                export MO_DEBUG=1
+                ;;
+            "--dry-run" | "-n")
+                DRY_RUN=true
+                export MOLE_DRY_RUN=1
+                ;;
+            "--whitelist")
+                source "$SCRIPT_DIR/../lib/manage/whitelist.sh"
+                manage_whitelist "clean"
+                exit 0
+                ;;
         esac
     done
 
diff --git a/lib/clean/apps.sh b/lib/clean/apps.sh
index f3e084b..9fffe40 100644
--- a/lib/clean/apps.sh
+++ b/lib/clean/apps.sh
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ clean_orphaned_system_services() {
                 if [[ "$orphan_file" == *.plist ]]; then
                     sudo launchctl unload "$orphan_file" 2> /dev/null || true
                 fi
-                if sudo rm -f "$orphan_file" 2> /dev/null; then
+                if safe_sudo_remove "$orphan_file"; then
                     debug_log "Removed orphaned service: $orphan_file"
                 fi
             fi
diff --git a/lib/uninstall/batch.sh b/lib/uninstall/batch.sh
index dba6e55..9c405ef 100755
--- a/lib/uninstall/batch.sh
+++ b/lib/uninstall/batch.sh
@@ -502,8 +502,14 @@ batch_uninstall_applications() {
                 fi
 
                 # ByHost preferences (machine-specific).
-                if [[ -d ~/Library/Preferences/ByHost ]]; then
-                    find ~/Library/Preferences/ByHost -maxdepth 1 -name "${bundle_id}.*.plist" -delete 2> /dev/null || true
+                if [[ -d "$HOME/Library/Preferences/ByHost" ]]; then
+                    if [[ "$bundle_id" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$ ]]; then
+                        while IFS= read -r -d '' plist_file; do
+                            safe_remove "$plist_file" true > /dev/null || true
+                        done < <(command find "$HOME/Library/Preferences/ByHost" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "${bundle_id}.*.plist" -print0 2> /dev/null || true)
+                    else
+                        debug_log "Skipping ByHost cleanup, invalid bundle id: $bundle_id"
+                    fi
                 fi
             fi